School of Social and Political Science

Professor Steve Sturdy

Job Title

Professor of the Sociology of Medical Knowledge

Photo
Steve Sturdy's photo

Room number

2.92

Building (Address)

Old Surgeons' Hall

Street (Address)

High School Yards

City (Address)

Edinburgh

Country (Address)

UK

Research interests

Research interests

History of science and medicine, Medical sociology, sociology of scientific knowledge, genomics, Historical sociology

I am interested in the development of medical knowledge and medical practice from the mid-nineteenth century to the present. In particular, I use insights from the sociology of scientific knowledge to examine how developments in medical science have informed and been informed by wider changes in medical practice and medical policy. 

My earlier research focused on the growth of so-called "scientific medicine", and especially on the growing use of laboratories in medical research and practice, from the mid-nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century. More recently, I have been researching the development of "biomedicine" from the mid-twentieth century to the present, with a particular focus on medical genetics and genomics.

I am also co-director, with Sarah Cunningham-Burley and Martyn Pickersgill, of the University of Edinburgh Centre for Biomedicine, Self and Society, with funding from a Wellcome Trust Discretionary Award. 

Completed Projects

I have previously conducted historical research into the development of physiological holism, the making of early twentieth-century British health policy, medical science in the First World War, and the constitution of medical cases as objects of scientific knowledge.

I also contributed, with Richard Freeman and Jennifer Smith-Merry, to the Europe-wide Know&Pol project, looking at the role of different kinds of knowledge in mental health policy in Scotland and Europe.

Other Research Activities

From 2006 to 2012 I was deputy director of the ESRC Genomics Policy and Research Forum, a novel initiative which acted to integrate diverse strands of ESRC-funded social science research into the new life sciences; to develop links between social scientists and scientists working across the entire range of genomic science and technology; and to connect research in this area to policy makers, business, the media and civil society in the UK and abroad.

Current PhD Students

Jarmo De Vries, "'Implementing genomic medicine: Studying the creation of NHS England’s Genomic Medicine Service"

Hadewych Honné, "The role of rare disease patient organisations in the appraisal of orphan medicines"

Janet Philp, "Controlling access to dissection in British medical schools"

Completed PhD Students

Rhodri Leng, “Selective citation and the shaping of scientific knowledge: Citation network analysis and the diet–heart debate” (2020)

Barbara Haward, "Telegraphists’ cramp: the emergence and disappearance of an occupational disease between 1875 and 1930" (2019)

Thokozani Kamwendo, “Heuristics and Biases to Behavioural Economics: A Sociology of a Psychology of Error” (2017)

Meritxell Ramirez Olle, "The Making of Dendroclimatological Knowledge: A Symmetrical Account of Trust and Scepticism in Science" (2016)

Christina Plafky, "From Neuroscientific Research Findings to Juvenile Justice Practice in Scotland" (2013)

Joao Rangel de Almeida, "The 1851 International Sanitary Conference and the Construction of an International Sphere of Public Health" (2012)

Isabel Fletcher, "Obesity: A Historical Account of the Construction of a Modern Epidemic" (2012)

Monica Garcia, "From Medical Geography to Germ Theory in Colombia, 1860-1900" (2009)

Gethin Rees, "Corroboration, Consent and Community: A 'Meaning Finitist' Account of the Forensic Medical Examination of Acute Sexual Assault Complainers in Scotland" (2009)

Graeme Beale, "Tinbergian Practice, Themes and Variations: the Field and Laboratory Methods and Practice of the Animal Behaviour Research Group under Nikolaas Tinbergen at Oxford University" (2009)

Donna Messner, "Fast Track: The Practice of Drug Development and Regulatory Innovation in the Late Twentieth Century U.S." (2008)

Angela Cassidy, “Of Academics, Publishers and Journalists: Popular Evolutionary Psychology in the UK” (2003)

Lorna Campbell, “Principle and Practice: An Analysis of Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Euthanasia Debates” (2003)

Ki-Heung Kim, “From Scrapie to Prion Disease: The Social Construction of a Novel Infectious Agent” (2002)

Morrice McCrae, “The Scottish Roots of the National Health Service” (2000)

Patricia Soley Beltran, “Transsexualism and the Heterosexual Matrix: A Critical and Empirical Study of Judith Butler's Performative Theory of Gender” (2000) 

Jonathan Adams, “Unconventional Therapies in General Practice: Boundary Construction, Identity and Authentication” (1999)

Elaine Thomson, “Women in Medicine in Late 19th- and Early 20th-Century Edinburgh: A Case Study” (1998)

Background

I am an interdisciplinary scholar working at the intersection of the history and sociology of science and medicine. Originally trained in the biological sciences, I found myself increasingly interested in understanding science itself: what it is, how it produces trustworthy knowledge, and what work it does in the wider world. I went on to study for a Master's degree in the philosophy of science followed by a PhD at the University of Edinburgh's renowned Science Studies Unit. After seven years of postdoctoral research and teaching at the Centre for the History of Science, Technology and Medicine at the University of Manchester, I returned to the University of Edinburgh with a Wellcome Trust University Award in the History of Medicine. I have remained here ever since, as the Science Studies Unit has expanded and amalgamated with other units to become one of the world's largest and most dynamic centres of research and teaching in science, technology and innovation studies. 

Qualifications

  • MA (Natural Sciences) University of Cambridge
  • MA (Philosophy of Science) University of Western Ontario
  • PhD (Science Studies) University of Edinburgh

Publications

“Local mutations: On the tentative beginnings of molecular oncology in Britain 1980-2000”, New Genetics & Society, publish ahead of print, February 2021, DOI: 10.1080/14636778.2021.1880887 

“Finding the global in the local: constructing population in the search for disease genes”, in Jean-Paul Gaudillière, Claire Beaudevin, Christoph Gradmann, Anne M. Lovell, Laurent Pordié (eds), Global Health and the New World Order: Historical and Anthropological Approaches of a Transition (Manchester University Press, 2020), pp. 154-182.

“Half a century of Wilson & Jungner: reflections on the governance of population screening”, Wellcome Open Research, 2020, 5:158, DOI 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16057.2 (with Fiona Miller, Stuart Hogarth, and twenty-six others)

"Seeing utility: regulatory reform and genetic tests in the USA, 1989-2000”Sociology of Health & Illness, e-pub ahead of print (2020), DOI 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112924

“Patient organization involvement and the challenge of securing access to treatments for rare diseases: report of a policy engagement workshop”Research Involvement and Engagement, 3 (2017): 14, DOI 10.1186/s40900-017-0065-z (with Koichi Mikami)

The Therapeutic Implications of Muscular Dystrophy Genomics, Wellcome Witnesses to Contemporary Medicine, vol. 62 (London: Queen Mary University of London, 2017), edited with Apostoulos Zarros, Caroline Overy, Koichi Mikami and E.M. Tansey

“Biotechnology and the transformation of vaccine innovation: the case of the hepatitis B vaccines 1968-2000”Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 64.1 (2017), 11-21 (with Farah Huzair)

“Personalized medicine and the economy of biotechnological promise”, in Therese Feiler, Kezia Gaitzkell, Tim Maughan and Joshua Hordern (eds), Personalized Medicine: The Promise, the Hype and the Pitfalls, Special Issue, The New Bioethics: A Multidisciplinary Journal of Biotechnology and the Body, 23.1 (2017), 30-37

“Doing comparison: producing authority in an international organization”, in Annabelle Littoz-Monnet (ed.), The Politics of Expertise in International Organizations (London: Routledge, 2017), pp. 187-202 (with Richard Freeman)

“Importing forensic technologies into border control: genetic ancestry and isotope testing in the UKBA’s Human Provenance Pilot Project”, in Benjamin N. Lawrance (ed.), Adjudicating Refugee and Asylum Status: The Role of Witness, Expertise, and Testimony (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2015), pp. 202-220 (with Richard Tutton and Christine Hauskeller)

Knowledge in Policy: Embodied, Inscribed, Enacted (Bristol: Policy Press, 2014), edited with Richard Freeman

“Suspect technologies: forensic testing of asylum seekers at the UK border”, Ethnic and Racial Studies, 37.5 (2014), 738-752 (with Richard Tutton and Christine Hauskeller)

Genetics and the Sociology of Identity, Special Issue, Sociology, 47.5 (2013), edited with Christine Hauskeller and Richard Tutton.

“Reciprocal instrumentalism: Scotland, WHO Europe, and mental health”, International Journal of Public Policy, 9.4-6 (2013), 260-276 (with Jennifer Smith-Merry and Richard Freeman)

"Making knowledge for international policy: WHO Europe and mental health policy, 1970-2008", Social History of Medicine, 26.3 (2013), 532-554 (with Richard Freeman and Jennifer Smith-Merry)

"Recovery in Scotland: the rise and uncertain future of a mental health social movement", Society and Mental Health, 3.2 (2013), 114-132 (with Jennifer Smith-Merry)

"Stakeholder consultation as social mobilization: framing Scottish mental health policy", Social Policy and Administration, 46.7 (2012), 823–844 (with Jennifer Smith-Merry and Richard Freeman)

"The meanings of 'life': biology and biography in the work of J.S. Haldane", Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 21 (2011),171-191.

“Implementing recovery: an analysis of the key technologies in Scotland”, International Journal of Mental Health Services, 5 (2011), article 11 (with Jennifer Smith-Merry, Richard Freeman)

"Looking for trouble: medical science and clinical practice in the historiography of modern medicine", Social History of Medicine, 24 (2011), 739-757.

"Scientific method for medical practitioners: The case method of teaching pathology in early twentieth-century Edinburgh", Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 81 (2007), 760-792.

"Knowing cases: biomedicine in Edinburgh, 1887-1920", Social Studies of Science, 37 (2007), 659-689.

"Making sense in the pathology museum" in Anatomy Acts: How We Come to Know Ourselves, ed. Andrew Patrizio and Dawn Kemp (Edinburgh: Birlinn, 2006), pp.107-115.

Publications by user content

Publication Research Explorer link
Ford A, De Togni G, Erikainen S, Filipe AM, Pickersgill M, Sturdy S et al. How and why to use 'vulnerability': An interdisciplinary analysis of disease risk, indeterminacy and normality. Medical Humanities. 2024 Mar 1;50(1):125-134. Epub 2023 Sept 11. doi: 10.1136/medhum-2023-012683
Montgomery CM, Docherty AB, Humphreys S, McCulloch C, Pattison N, Sturdy S. Remaking critical care: Place, body work and the materialities of care in the COVID intensive care unit. Sociology of Health & Illness. 2023 Sept 13. Epub 2023 Sept 13. doi: 10.1111/1467-9566.13708
Engelmann L, Montgomery C, Sturdy S, Moreno Lozano C. Domesticating models: On the contingency of Covid-19 modelling in UK media and policy. Social Studies of Science. 2022 Oct 13;1-25. Epub 2022 Oct 13. doi: 10.1177/03063127221126166
Hogarth S, Miller FA, Sturdy S. Multidisciplinary perspectives on the regulation of diagnostic technologies. Social Science and Medicine. 2022 Jul;304:115059. Epub 2022 Jun 14. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115059
Montgomery C, Humphreys S, McCulloch C, Docherty AB, Sturdy S, Pattison N. Critical care work during COVID-19: A qualitative study of staff experiences in the UK. BMJ Open. 2021 May 18;11(5). doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048124
Sturdy S. Local mutations: On the tentative beginnings of molecular oncology in Britain 1980–2000. New Genetics and Society. 2021 Mar;40(1):7-25. Epub 2021 Feb 7. doi: 10.1080/14636778.2021.1880887
Sturdy S. Finding the global in the local: Constructing population in the search for disease genes. In Gaudillière JP, Beaudevin C, Gradmann C, Lovell AM, Pordié L, editors, Global Health and the New World Order: Historical and Anthropological Approaches to a Changing Regime of Governance. Manchester University Press. 2020. (Social Histories of Medicine).
Sturdy S, Miller F, Hogarth S, Armstrong N, Chakraborty P, Cressman C et al. Half a century of Wilson & Jungner: Reflections on the governance of population screening. Wellcome Open Research . 2020 Jul 6;5. doi: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16057.1
Sturdy S. Framing utility: Regulatory reform and genetic tests in the USA, 1989-2000 . Social Science & Medicine. 2020 Mar 19;N/A:1-9. Epub 2020 Mar 19. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112924
Pickersgill M, Chan S, Haddow G, Laurie G, Sridhar D, Sturdy S et al. Biomedicine, self and society: An agenda for collaboration and engagement. Wellcome Open Research . 2019 Jan 23;4:9. doi: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15043.1
Pickersgill M, Chan S, Haddow G, Laurie G, Sridhar D, Sturdy S et al. The social sciences, humanities, and health. The Lancet. 2018 Apr 14;391(10129):1462–1463. Epub 2018 Apr 9. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30669-X
Sturdy S, Mikami K. Patient organization involvement and the challenge of securing access to treatments for rare diseases: Report of a policy engagement workshop. Research Involvement and Engagement. 2017 Dec 30;3(1):1-13. 14. Epub 2017 Sept 4. doi: 10.1186/s40900-017-0065-z
Huzair F, Sturdy S. Biotechnology and the transformation of vaccine innovation: The case of the hepatitis B vaccines 1968-2000. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences. 2017 Aug;64:11-21. Epub 2017 May 13. doi: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2017.05.004
Freeman R, Sturdy S. Doing comparison: Producing authority in an international organization. In Littoz-Monnet A, editor, The Politics of Expertise in International Organizations: How International Bureaucracies Produce and Mobilize Knowledge. 1 ed. London: Routledge. 2017. (Global Institutions).
Sturdy S. Personalized medicine and the economy of biotechnological promise. The New Bioethics. 2017;23(1):30-37. Epub 2017 May 18. doi: 10.1080/20502877.2017.1314892
Tutton R, Hauskeller C, Sturdy S. Importing forensic technologies into border control: genetic ancestry and isotope testing in the UKBA’s Human Provenance Pilot Project. In Lawrance BN, Ruffer G, editors, Adjudicating Refugee and Asylum Status: The Role of Witness, Expertise, and Testimony . New York: Cambridge University Press. 2015. p. 202-220
Freeman R, (ed.), Sturdy S, (ed.). Knowledge in Policy: Embodied, Inscribed, Enacted. Bristol: Policy Press, 2014. 256 p.
Freeman R, Sturdy S. Introduction: Knowledge in policy - embodied, inscribed, enacted. In Freeman R, Sturdy S, editors, Knowledge in Policy: Embodied, Inscribed, Enacted. Bristol: Policy Press. 2014. p. 1-17
Freeman R, Sturdy S. Knowledge, Policy and Coordinated Action: Mental Health in Europe. In Knowledge in Policy: Embodied, Inscribed, Enacted. Bristol: Policy Press. 2014. p. 61-75
Freeman R, Sturdy S. Knowledge and Policy in Research and Practice. In Freeman R, Sturdy S, editors, Knowledge in Policy: Embodied, Inscribed, Enacted. Bristol: Policy Press. 2014. p. 201-218
Tutton R, Hauskeller C, Sturdy S. Suspect technologies: forensic testing of asylum seekers at the UK border. Ethnic and Racial Studies. 2014;37(5):738-752. Epub 2014 Mar 18. doi: 10.1080/01419870.2013.870667
Sturdy S, Freeman R, Smith-Merry J. Making Knowledge for International Policy: WHO Europe and Mental Health Policy, 1970-2008. Social History of Medicine. 2013;26(3):532-554. Epub 2013 Apr 18. doi: 10.1093/shm/hkt009
Smith-Merry J, Sturdy S. Recovery in Scotland: The Rise and Uncertain Future of a Mental Health Social Movement. Society and mental health. 2013;3(2):114-132. doi: 10.1177/2156869313481225
Hauskeller C, Sturdy S, Tutton R. Genetics and the sociology of identity. Sociology. 2013;47(5):875-886. doi: 10.1177/0038038513505011
Smith-Merry J, Freeman R, Sturdy S. Reciprocal Instrumentalism: Scotland, WHO Europe, and Mental Health. International Journal of Public Policy. 2013;9(4-6):260-276. doi: 10.1504/IJPP.2013.056557
Sturdy S, Smith-Merry J, Freeman R. Stakeholder Consultation as Social Mobilization: Framing Scottish Mental Health Policy. Social Policy and Administration. 2012 Dec;46(7):823-844. Epub 2012 Apr 17. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9515.2012.00848.x
Freeman R, Smith-Merry J, Sturdy S. Rhizomic regulation: mobilising knowledge for mental health in Europe. In Barroso J, Carvalho LM, editors, Knowledge and Regulatory Processes in Health and Education Policies. Lisbon: Educa - Instituto de Educação da Universidade de Lisboa. 2012. p. 13-50
Sturdy S. The Meanings of ‘Life’: Biology and Biography in the Work of J.S. Haldane (1860-1936). Transactions of the Royal Historical Society. 2011 Nov 4;21:171-191. Epub 2010 Apr 14. doi: 10.1017/S0080440111000089
Smith-Merry J, Freeman R, Sturdy S. Implementing recovery: An Analysis of the Key Technologies in Scotland. International Journal of Mental Health Systems. 2011;5(11). doi: 10.1186/1752-4458-5-11
Sturdy S. Looking for Trouble: Medical Science and Clinical Practice in the Historiography of Modern Medicine. Social History of Medicine. 2011;24(3):739-757. doi: 10.1093/shm/hkq106
Smith-Merry J, Freeman R, Sturdy S. Les transformations du système de santé mentale: l’exemple de l’Ecosse. Revue Sociologie Santé. 2011;34:143-164.
Harwood J, Sturdy S. Workshop report: What can development policy learn from the history of development? Food Security. 2010;2:285-290.
Sturdy S. The biology of identity. Philosophers' Magazine. 2010;48:53-58.
Smith-Merry J, Freeman R, Sturdy S. Organising Mental Health in Scotland. Mental Health Review Journal: Research, Policy and Practice. 2008;13(4):16-26. doi: 10.1108/13619322200800024
Sturdy S. Knowing Cases: Biomedicine in Edinburgh, 1887 1920. Social Studies of Science. 2007 Oct 1;37(5):659-689. doi: 10.1177/0306312707076597
Sturdy S. Scientific Method for Medical Practitioners: The Case Method of Teaching Pathology in Early Twentieth-Century Edinburgh. Bulletin of the History of Medicine. 2007 Jan 1;81(4):760-792. doi: 10.1353/bhm.2007.0093
Steve Sturdy's Research Explorer profile