School of Social and Political Science

Local Perceptions and Media Representations of Election Observation in Africa project

'Can Domestic Observers Serve as Impartial Arbiters?: Evidence from Zambia’s 2021 elections' - data sources

 

Map of field sites in Zambia:

Source: This map has been adapted from one produced by the United Nations, Department of Peacekeeping Operations, Cartography Section. 

Zambian media sources, listed in alphabetical order: 

Newspapers

  • Daily Mail
  • Daily Nation
  • Mast
  • News Diggers
  • Times of Zambia

Radio

  • Hot FM
  • Millennium Radio
  • Phoenix FM
  • Q FM
  • ZNBC

Television

  • CAMNET
  • CBC TV
  • Diamond TV
  • KBN TV
  • Muvi TV
  • Q-TV
  • ZNBC


International media and news websites, listed in alphabetical order with country headquarters (where applicable) in parentheses:

  • Anadolu Ajansı (Turkey)    
  • APO Group (Switzerland)    
  • Africanews (Republic of the Congo)    
  • Al-Jazeera (Qatar)    
  • AllAfrica (various international)    
  • Agence de Presse Africaine (Senegal)    
  • BBC (UK)    
  • Daily Maverick (South Africa)    
  • Deutsche Welle (Germany)    
  • eNCA (South Africa)    
  • Financial Times (UK)    
  • Le Monde (France)    
  • Mail and Guardian (South Africa)    
  • News Central (Nigeria)    
  • Newsweek (USA)    
  • PanaPress (Senegal)    
  • Reuters (UK)    
  • The Africa Report (France)    
  • The Conversation (various international)    
  • The Guardian (UK)    
  • The Southern Times (Namibia)    
  • The Standard (Kenya)    
  • Voice of America (USA)    
  • Xinhua News Agency (China)   

List of observation missions and monitoring initiatives at the 2021 Zambian elections:

Please note that the Electoral Commission of Zambia did not respond to requests for a full list of accredited observers and monitors. It is, therefore, possible that this list is not comprehensive. Individuals working with organisations marked with an asterisk were interviewed by the article’s authors.

International observation missions, listed in alphabetical order:

  • African Union*
  • Carter Center*
  • Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa*
  • Commonwealth*
  • Electoral Commission of Kenya*
  • Electoral Commission of South Africa
  • Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa*
  • European Union*
  • Human Rights Commission
  • International Conference on the Great Lakes Region
  • Media Institute of Southern Africa
  • National Democratic Institute*
  • Parliament of Kenya*
  • Southern Africa Human Rights Defenders Network
  • Southern African Development Community
  • Zimbabwe Elections Support Network

Large domestic initiatives, listed in alphabetical order:

  • Christian Churches Monitoring Group*
  • Foundation for Democratic Process*
  • Good Governance Zambia
  • Governance, Elections Advocacy Research Services (GEARS) Initiative*

Organisations with smaller numbers of accredited monitors, listed in alphabetical order:

  • African Youth Global Network
  • Anti-Voter Apathy
  • Association of the African Student Union
  • Bishop Council of Zambia
  • Caritas
  • Centre for Policy Dialogue
  • Channel Foundation International
  • Chapter One Foundation
  • Christian Nation
  • Common Grounds Network
  • Council of Churches
  • Democracy Works Foundation
  • Economic Association of Zambia 
  • Global Pan Africanism Network
  • Inter-Africa Governance Network
  • Justice Forum Zambia
  • Law Association of Zambia
  • Media Institute of Southern Africa Zambia
  • Movement for Economic Empowerment and Democracy
  • Movement for Voter Sensitization
  • Non-Governmental Gender Organization Coordinating Council
  • Operation Young Vote
  • Organising for Zambia
  • Pentecost Assembly of God
  • Rural & Urban Development Initiative
  • Society for Women & AIDS in Zambia
  • The Bible Society of Zambia
  • Transparency International Zambia
  • True Apostles of Jesus
  • United Organisation for Free and Fair Elections
  • Young African Leaders Initiative
  • Zambia Centre for Interparty Dialogue
  • Zambia Congress of Trade Unions
  • Zambia Federation for Persons with Disabilities
  • Zambia Youth Association in Fight Against Corruption
  • Zambian Election Education Governance Initiative
  • Zikolathu Consortium


Interview metadata:

Interview type Date of interview Location of interview Interviewee's employment/role (self-described) Interviewee's gender Interviewee's age (18-35=Youth; 36-55=Middle-aged; 55+=Old)
Observation 09/06/2021 Lusaka Domestic observation mission: Executive Director Male *N/A
Politics 12/06/2021 Lusaka Party campaign leader Female *N/A
Observation 16/06/2021 Lusaka Domestic observation mission: Executive Director Male *N/A
Politics 16/06/2021 Lusaka Candidate Male *N/A
Observation 17/06/2021 Lusaka Domestic observation mission: Chairperson Male *N/A
Observation 18/06/2021 Lusaka Observation assistance (international) Female *N/A
Academic 21/06/2021 Lusaka Consultant Male *N/A
Observation 22/06/2021 Lusaka Domestic observation mission: Executive Director Male *N/A
Academic 24/06/2021 Lusaka Lecturer Male *N/A
Observation 24/06/2021 Lusaka Domestic observation mission: Executive Director Male *N/A
Observation 30/06/2021 Lusaka Domestic observation mission: Executive Director Male *N/A
Academic 02/07/2021 Lusaka *Preferred not to say Male *N/A
Ordinary citizen 13/07/2021 Mazabuka Shoe sales Male Youth
Ordinary citizen 13/07/2021 Mazabuka Unemployed Male Youth
Ordinary citizen 13/07/2021 Mazabuka Receptionist Female Youth
Ordinary citizen 13/07/2021 Mazabuka Beautician Female Youth
Ordinary citizen 13/07/2021 Mazabuka Unemployed Male Youth
Ordinary citizen 14/07/2021 Mazabuka Teacher Female Old
Ordinary citizen 14/07/2021 Mazabuka Business Male Old
Ordinary citizen 14/07/2021 Mazabuka Sales Female Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 14/07/2021 Mazabuka Teacher, taxi driver Male Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 14/07/2021 Mazabuka Nursing student Female Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 14/07/2021 Mazabuka Construction worker Male Youth
Ordinary citizen 14/07/2021 Mazabuka Deputy school manager Male Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 15/07/2021 Mazabuka Formely with Zambia Revenue Authority Female Old
Ordinary citizen 15/07/2021 Mazabuka Unemployed Male Old
Ordinary citizen 15/07/2021 Mazabuka Worked with University of Uppsala Male Old
Ordinary citizen 15/07/2021 Mazabuka Student Female Youth
Ordinary citizen 15/07/2021 Mazabuka Grocery seller Female Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 15/07/2021 Mazabuka NGO worker Female Youth
Ordinary citizen 15/07/2021 Mazabuka Clinical technician Female Youth
Ordinary citizen 15/07/2021 Mazabuka *Preferred not to say Male Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 16/07/2021 Mazabuka Retired Female Old
Ordinary citizen 16/07/2021 Mazabuka Self-employed Male Old
Ordinary citizen 16/07/2021 Mazabuka Gardener Male Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 16/07/2021 Mazabuka Guesthouse worker Male Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 16/07/2021 Mazabuka Retired Female Old
Ordinary citizen 20/07/2021 Siavonga Retired Male Old
Ordinary citizen 20/07/2021 Siavonga *Preferred not to say Female Youth
Ordinary citizen 20/07/2021 Siavonga *Preferred not to say Female Youth
Ordinary citizen 20/07/2021 Siavonga Former teacher Female Old
Ordinary citizen 20/07/2021 Siavonga Unemployed Male Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 20/07/2021 Siavonga Unemployed Male Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 20/07/2021 Siavonga *Preferred not to say Male Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 21/07/2021 Siavonga Business Male Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 21/07/2021 Siavonga Health officer Male Youth
Ordinary citizen 21/07/2021 Siavonga Teacher Male Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 21/07/2021 Siavonga *Preferred not to say Male Old
Ordinary citizen 21/07/2021 Siavonga Shop owner Male Old
Ordinary citizen 21/07/2021 Siavonga *Preferred not to say Female Youth
Ordinary citizen 22/07/2021 Siavonga Farmer, charcoal-maker Male Old
Ordinary citizen 22/07/2021 Siavonga Store owner Male Youth
Ordinary citizen 22/07/2021 Siavonga Shop owner Male Youth
Ordinary citizen 27/07/2021 Petauke Shop worker Female Youth
Ordinary citizen 27/07/2021 Petauke Unemployed Male Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 27/07/2021 Petauke Farmer Male Old
Ordinary citizen 27/07/2021 Petauke *Preferred not to say Male Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 27/07/2021 Petauke Farmer Male Old
Ordinary citizen 27/07/2021 Petauke Electrician Male Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 28/07/2021 Petauke Teacher Male Old
Ordinary citizen 28/07/2021 Petauke Farmer Male Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 28/07/2021 Petauke Farmer Male Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 28/07/2021 Petauke Teacher Male Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 28/07/2021 Petauke Unemployed Male Youth
Ordinary citizen 29/07/2021 Petauke Headteacher Male Old
Ordinary citizen 29/07/2021 Petauke Student Male Youth
Ordinary citizen 29/07/2021 Petauke Farmer Male Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 29/07/2021 Petauke Farmer Female Youth
Ordinary citizen 29/07/2021 Petauke Farmer Male Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 29/07/2021 Petauke Farmer Female Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 03/08/2021 Kitwe Student Female Youth
Ordinary citizen 03/08/2021 Kitwe Mechanic Male Youth
Ordinary citizen 03/08/2021 Kitwe Roadside seller Female Youth
Ordinary citizen 03/08/2021 Kitwe Employed Male Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 03/08/2021 Kitwe Student Male Youth
Ordinary citizen 03/08/2021 Kitwe Architect Male Youth
Ordinary citizen 04/08/2021 Kitwe Booth operator Female Youth
Ordinary citizen 04/08/2021 Kitwe *Preferred not to say Male Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 04/08/2021 Kitwe Roadside seller Female Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 04/08/2021 Kitwe Roadside seller Female Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 04/08/2021 Kitwe Private clinic administrator Male Old
Ordinary citizen 04/08/2021 Kitwe School administrator Male Old
Ordinary citizen 04/08/2021 Kitwe Electrician Male Old
Ordinary citizen 05/08/2021 Kitwe Student Female Youth
Ordinary citizen 05/08/2021 Kitwe business Female Old
Ordinary citizen 05/08/2021 Kitwe *Preferred not to say Female Youth
Ordinary citizen 05/08/2021 Kitwe Student Male Youth
Ordinary citizen 05/08/2021 Kitwe *Preferred not to say Male Youth
Ordinary citizen 05/08/2021 Kitwe Teacher Male Old
Ordinary citizen 05/08/2021 Kitwe Project manager Male Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 05/08/2021 Kitwe Small shop owner Female Old
Ordinary citizen 05/08/2021 Kitwe Roadside sales Female Old
Observation 12/08/2021 Lusaka International observation mission Male *N/A
Observation 13/08/2021 Lusaka International observation mission Female *N/A
Observation 14/08/2021 Lusaka International observation mission Male *N/A
Observation 14/08/2021 Lusaka International observation mission Male *N/A
Observation 17/08/2021 Lusaka International observation mission Male *N/A
Observation 17/08/2021 Lusaka International observation mission Male *N/A
Observation 17/08/2021 Lusaka Domestic observation mission 1 Female, 1 Male (two respondents) *N/A
Media 18/08/2021 Lusaka Former news editor Male *N/A
Observation 18/08/2021 Lusaka Domestic observation mission Female *N/A
Observation 18/08/2021 Lusaka International observation mission 1 Female, 1 Male (two respondents) *N/A
Politics 18/08/2021 Lusaka Party agent Male *N/A
Media 19/08/2021 Lusaka Station manager Male *N/A
Media 19/08/2021 Lusaka News reporter Male *N/A
Observation 19/08/2021 Lusaka Domestic observation mission Male *N/A
Media 20/08/2021 Lusaka News correspondent Female *N/A
Media 20/08/2021 Lusaka Media and public relations consultant Female *N/A
Observation 20/08/2021 Lusaka International observation mission Male *N/A
Observation 22/08/2021 Lusaka Domestic observation mission Male *N/A
Observation 23/08/2021 Lusaka Domestic observation mission 2 Male (two respondents) *N/A
Observation 23/08/2021 Lusaka International observation mission Female *N/A
Observation 24/08/2021 Lusaka Diplomat observation mission Male *N/A
Media 31/08/2021 Lusaka News reporter Female *N/A
Politics 31/08/2021 Lusaka Party agent Male *N/A
Ordinary citizen 12/10/2021 Mazabuka Business Female Old
Media 14/10/2021 Lusaka News correspondent, former news editor Male *N/A
Ordinary citizen 17/10/2021 Mazabuka Artist Male Youth
Ordinary citizen 18/10/2021 Mazabuka Finance supervisor Female Youth
Ordinary citizen 18/10/2021 Mazabuka Sales Female Youth
Ordinary citizen 18/10/2021 Mazabuka Butcher Male Youth
Ordinary citizen 18/10/2021 Mazabuka Entrepreneur Female Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 18/10/2021 Mazabuka Printing shop manager Male Youth
Ordinary citizen 18/10/2021 Mazabuka Hospitality clerk Male Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 18/10/2021 Mazabuka Sugar production worker Female Old
Ordinary citizen 19/10/2021 Mazabuka Business Male Old
Ordinary citizen 19/10/2021 Mazabuka Accountant Male Old
Ordinary citizen 19/10/2021 Mazabuka Sugar production worker Male Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 19/10/2021 Mazabuka Teacher Male Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 19/10/2021 Mazabuka Security guard Male Old
Ordinary citizen 19/10/2021 Mazabuka *Preferred not to say Female Youth
Ordinary citizen 19/10/2021 Mazabuka Nurse Female Youth
Ordinary citizen 19/10/2021 Mazabuka Nurse Female Youth
Ordinary citizen 19/10/2021 Mazabuka Security Officer Female Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 19/10/2021 Mazabuka Business, police officer Female Old
Ordinary citizen 20/10/2021 Mazabuka Sales assistant Female Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 20/10/2021 Mazabuka Retired Male Old
Ordinary citizen 20/10/2021 Mazabuka Student Male Youth
Ordinary citizen 20/10/2021 Mazabuka Construction worker Male Middle-aged
Media 22/10/2021 Lusaka News correspondent Female *N/A
Media 02/11/2021 Lusaka Communications officer Female *N/A
Media 02/11/2021 Lusaka Former senior editorm media lecturer Male *N/A
Media 03/11/2021 Lusaka News reporter Female *N/A
Ordinary citizen 03/11/2021 Petauke Farmer, retired teacher Male Old
Ordinary citizen 03/11/2021 Petauke Farmer Male Old
Ordinary citizen 03/11/2021 Petauke Farmer Female Old
Ordinary citizen 03/11/2021 Petauke Farmer Female Old
Ordinary citizen 03/11/2021 Petauke Unemployed Male Youth
Ordinary citizen 03/11/2021 Petauke Farmer Male Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 04/11/2021 Petauke Business Male Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 04/11/2021 Petauke Administrative assistant Female Youth
Ordinary citizen 04/11/2021 Petauke Business Male Youth
Ordinary citizen 04/11/2021 Petauke Farmer Female Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 04/11/2021 Petauke Community field officer Male Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 04/11/2021 Petauke Midwife Female Old
Ordinary citizen 04/11/2021 Petauke Farmer Female Old
Ordinary citizen 04/11/2021 Petauke Farmer Female Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 05/11/2021 Petauke Retired Female Old
Ordinary citizen 05/11/2021 Petauke Farmer Male Youth
Ordinary citizen 05/11/2021 Petauke Farmer Male Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 05/11/2021 Petauke Farmer Male Old
Ordinary citizen 05/11/2021 Petauke Retired Female Old
Ordinary citizen 05/11/2021 Petauke Farmer Female Youth
Ordinary citizen 09/11/2021 Siavonga Farmer Male Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 09/11/2021 Siavonga Farmer Female Old
Ordinary citizen 09/11/2021 Siavonga Farmer, village head Male Old
Ordinary citizen 09/11/2021 Siavonga Unemployed Female Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 09/11/2021 Siavonga Unemployed Male Old
Ordinary citizen 09/11/2021 Siavonga Unemployed Female Youth
Academic 10/11/2021 Lusaka PhD student Male *N/A
Media 10/11/2021 Lusaka News editor, senior reporter Male *N/A
Ordinary citizen 10/11/2021 Siavonga Teacher Female Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 10/11/2021 Siavonga Farmer Male Old
Ordinary citizen 10/11/2021 Siavonga Teacher Male Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 10/11/2021 Siavonga Unemployed Male Youth
Ordinary citizen 10/11/2021 Siavonga Nurse Male Youth
Ordinary citizen 10/11/2021 Siavonga Clinical officer general Female Youth
Ordinary citizen 10/11/2021 Siavonga Nurse Female Youth
Ordinary citizen 10/11/2021 Siavonga Student Female Youth
Ordinary citizen 10/11/2021 Siavonga Retired civil servant Male Old
Ordinary citizen 11/11/2021 Siavonga Student Male Youth
Ordinary citizen 11/11/2021 Siavonga Farmer Male Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 11/11/2021 Siavonga Unemployed Female Youth
Ordinary citizen 11/11/2021 Siavonga Teacher Female Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 11/11/2021 Siavonga School leaver Female Youth
Ordinary citizen 16/11/2021 Kitwe Pastor Male Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 16/11/2021 Kitwe Business Male Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 16/11/2021 Kitwe Commoner Male Old
Ordinary citizen 16/11/2021 Kitwe Shop owner Male Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 16/11/2021 Kitwe Shop keeper Female Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 16/11/2021 Kitwe Accountant Female Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 16/11/2021 Kitwe Lab technologist Male Youth
Ordinary citizen 17/11/2021 Kitwe Model Female Youth
Ordinary citizen 17/11/2021 Kitwe Model, designer Female Youth
Ordinary citizen 17/11/2021 Kitwe Unemployed Female Middle-aged
Ordinary citizen 17/11/2021 Kitwe Unemployed Male Youth
Ordinary citizen 17/11/2021 Kitwe Shop owner Male Youth
Ordinary citizen 17/11/2021 Kitwe Student Female Youth
Ordinary citizen 17/11/2021 Kitwe Student Male Youth
Ordinary citizen 18/11/2021 Kitwe Unemployed Male Old
Ordinary citizen 18/11/2021 Kitwe Retired, security Male Old
Ordinary citizen 18/11/2021 Kitwe Chips seller Female Youth
Ordinary citizen 18/11/2021 Kitwe Rice seller Female Old
Ordinary citizen 18/11/2021 Kitwe Retired teacher Female Old
Ordinary citizen 18/11/2021 Kitwe Lodge supervisor Female Middle-aged
Media Oct 2021 (specific date witheld) Lusaka Regional supervisor, bureau chief Female *N/A